Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CAADC) Practice Exam

Which psychological theory emphasizes social aspects and a positive view of human nature as key factors?

1. Behaviorism

2. Cognitive therapy

3. Adlerian psychology

4. Psychoanalysis

The correct answer is: Adlerian psychology

Adlerian psychology emphasizes the importance of social relationships and a positive view of human nature as central components in understanding human behavior and mental health. Founded by Alfred Adler, this approach posits that individuals are motivated by social connectedness and the desire to belong, advocating for the power of community and cooperation. One of the core tenets of Adlerian psychology is the concept of "social interest," which reflects an individual's sense of belonging and connection to others. This perspective fosters growth and supports individuals in overcoming feelings of inferiority and increasing self-awareness through social engagement and meaningful relationships. Additionally, Adlerian psychology promotes the belief that everyone has the capacity for change and personal development, reinforcing a constructive and optimistic view of human nature. In contrast, the other psychological theories do not focus as strongly on these social dimensions or maintain as positive a view of human nature. Behaviorism primarily looks at observable behaviors and their reinforcements, often overlooking internal thoughts and emotions. Cognitive therapy focuses on restructuring negative thought patterns but does not emphasize social relationships as a primary factor. Psychoanalysis, while considering relationships, often highlights rivalry and conflict within the psyche, which is not aligned with the positive and socially-oriented outlook of Adlerian psychology.